narmer wife neith'hetepu-1dy

The first king of the two lands wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt.

Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt, or the two lands. The first was founded in Lower Egypt, with Botu as its capital, the Papyrus as its sign, and the snake as its symbol. The Southern Kingdom had Nekhen as its capital, and the Lotus as its sign. King Narmer was the first to unite Upper and Lower Egypt giving birth to Egypt in 3100 B. c & laying the foundation for the first pharaonic dynasty ,which is the beginning of the first Egyptian Dynasty 0. King Narmar was the first king of the two lands wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt (looks like a bowling pin), and the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. . His rule marked the beginning of written history and the era of dynasties, which followed in succession until the 30th Dynasty. The Egyptian Dynasty ended with the suicide of Cleopatra, and the Roman army under Octavian taking Egypt in 30 BC.

During this era, principles of central government were established. Menes (Narmar) was called "the King of Both Lands and Bearer of Both Crowns". The unification of both kingdoms had a significant impact on the development of Egypt in all aspects of life. Hieroglyphic writing was devised.

The Egyptian dynastic civilization began over 5,000 years ago with the unification of the Upper and Lower Egypt by the legendary King Menes, also called Narmer. Numerous later Egyptian writings claim Narmer as the conqueror of all the societies along the length of the Nile River; but some scholarly doubt persists. During the 1897/1898 field season, British archaeologist J. E. Quibell was excavating the pre-dynastic capital of Hierakonpolis when he found one of the most famous artifacts of the protodynastic period of Egypt, called the Narmer Palette, believed by many to illustrate this historic event.
Description of the Narmer Palette
The Narmer Palette, a shield-shaped slab of gray schist some 64 centimeters (25 inches) long, is in the shape of a cosmetic palette, a type of object made by Egyptians for at least 10 centuries before the date of the Narmer palette. What makes this particular palette of importance is that is larger than most palettes, and it is elaborately carved on both sides with images and words.
In addition to the carvings illustrating Narmer's battles, the images include symbols of a cattle cult, and drawings that are typical of later Egyptian forms of decoration. The Narmer palette may not be a representation of the unification battle of 5,000 years ago; but its extensive decorations will continue to intrigue historians and archaeologists for years to come.